I-ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Isitayile

I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) yiplastikhi eyi-terpolymer, ipolymer enee-monomers ezintathu ezahlukeneyo. I-ABS yenziwe nge-polymerizing styrene kunye ne-acrylonitrile phambi kwe-polybutadiene. I-Acrylonitrile yinto eyenziweyo eyenziwe ngeprophylene kunye neammonia ngelixa ibutadiene iyi-petroleum hydrocarbon, kwaye i-styrene monomer yenziwa yi-dehydrogeneration ye-ethyl benzene. I-Dehydrogenation yindlela yokusabela yemichiza ebandakanya ukususwa kwe-hydrogen kwimolekyuli ye-organic kunye nokubuyela umva kwe-hydrogenation. I-Dehydrogenation iguqula ii-alkanes, ezingafakwanga kwaye zixabiso liphantsi, kwii-olefin (kubandakanya i-alkenes), ezisebenzayo kwaye ke zibaluleke ngakumbi. Iinkqubo ze-Dehydrogeneration zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa i-aromatics kunye ne-styrene kwishishini le-petrochemical. Zimbini iintlobo: enye yeyokukhupha iimilo kwaye enye ithermoplastic esetyenziselwa iimveliso ezibunjiweyo. Ukudityaniswa kweABS kuhlala isiqingatha se-styrene kunye nolungelelwaniso phakathi kwe-butadiene kunye ne-acrylonitrile. I-ABS idibanisa kakuhle nezinye izinto ezinje nge-polyvinylchloride, i-polycarbonate, kunye ne-polysulphones. Ezi zinto zixubeneyo zivumela uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu kunye nokusetyenziswa.

Ngokwembali, i-ABS yaqala ukuphuhliswa ngexesha le-WWII njengendawo yokutshintsha irabha. Nangona yayingeloncedo kweso sicelo, yafumaneka ngokubanzi kwizicelo zorhwebo kwiminyaka yee-1950. Namhlanje i-ABS isetyenziswa kwiqela lezicelo ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya iithoyi. Umzekelo, iibhloko ze LEGO® zenziwe kuyo kuba ayisindi kwaye yomelele kakhulu. Kwakhona ukubumba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kuphucula ukuqaqamba kunye nokumelana nobushushu bezinto ngelixa ukubumba kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kukhokelela kukuxhathisa kwempembelelo ephezulu kunye namandla.

I-ABS i-amorphous, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayinabushushu bunyibilikileyo kodwa ineglasi yokutshintsha kweglasi eyi-105◦C okanye 221◦F. Inobushushu obucetyiswayo obuqhubekayo benkonzo ukusuka -20◦C ukuya kuma-80◦C (-4◦F ukuya ku-176◦ F). Inokutsha xa ivezwe amaqondo obushushu aphezulu afana nalawo aveliswa lilangatye elivulekileyo. Kuqala kuya kunyibilika, emva koko kubilise, emva koko kuphume amadangatye ashushu njengoko iplastiki iyaphunga. Izinto eziluncedo ngayo kukuba inozinzo oluphezulu kwaye ibonisa ubungqongqo nakumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Enye into engeyiyo kukuba xa ukutshiswa kwe-ABS kuya kubangela ukuveliswa komsi ophezulu.

I-ABS iyamelana nemichiza ngokubanzi. Iyachasa ii-acid ezinamandla, i-alkalis, kunye ne-phosphoric acid, egxile kwi-hydrochloric alcohol kunye nezilwanyana, imifuno kunye neoyile yezimbiwa. Kodwa i-ABS ihlaselwa ngokuqatha zizinyibilikisi ezithile. Ukuqhakamshelana ixesha elide nezinyibilikisi ezinevumba elimnandi, iietoni kunye neeesters azivelisi ziphumo zihle. Inqongophele ukumelana nemozulu. Xa i-ABS itshisa, ivelisa umsi omkhulu. Ukukhanya kwelanga kukwajongela phantsi iABS. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiqhosha lokukhulula ibhanti lokuhamba kweemoto kubangele ezona zikhumbuzo zinkulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu kwimbali yase-US. I-ABS iyamelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya ii-acid ezixineneyo, ukungxenga iiasidi kunye nealkali. Isebenza kakubi ngeehydrocarbon ezinamakha kunye ne-halogenated.

Ezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zeABS kukuchasana nefuthe kunye nobulukhuni. Kwakhona i-ABS ingaqwalaselwa ukuze umphezulu ucwebe. Abenzi bokudlala bayayisebenzisa ngenxa yezi mpawu. Ewe, njengoko kukhankanyiwe, omnye wabasebenzisi abaziwayo be-ABS yi-LEGO® yeebhloko zabo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zomculo, iintloko zeeklabhu zegalufa, izixhobo zonyango zokufikelela kwigazi, izithsaba zentloko ezikhuselayo, amaphenyane amhlophe amanzi, imithwalo, kunye neemeko zokuthwala.

Ngaba i-ABS inetyhefu?

I-ABS ayinabungozi kuba ayinayo nayiphi na i-carcinogens eyaziwayo, kwaye akukho ziphumo zempilo ziyaziwayo ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwi-ABS. Oko kwathiwa, i-ABS ayifanelekanga ukufakelwa kwezonyango.

Ziziphi iipropati ze-ABS?

I-ABS yomelele kakhulu, yiyo loo nto isetyenziswa kwizinto ezinje ngeekhamera, izindlu ezikhuselayo kunye nokupakisha. Ukuba ufuna i-plastiki engabizi kakhulu, eyomeleleyo, eqinileyo egcina kakuhle kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle, i-ABS lukhetho olufanelekileyo.